The source of the conflict that left more than 400 dead

violent Conflicts in Sudan have already left more than 400 dead and more than 3,500 injured, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), while the Sudanese Medical Union warns that the number of casualties could be much higher due to the inability of emergency teams to access certain areas.

The the fighting is concentrated in the capital Khartoum, but they are understood for other regions in the country, which could plunge into a general conflict. The international community calls for an immediate cessation of hostilities in the country, which is immersed in the process of democratic transition.

Tension erupted between the Sudanese army, which he leads General Abdel Fattah al-Burhanand the Rapid Support Force (FAR), which he leads Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, aka Hemedti.

The The FAR is a paramilitary force created by former Islamist president Omar al Bashir. They were born from the Yanyaweid (Janjaweed) militia, which committed mass murders and rapes in the Darfur conflict (2003-2008).

After the overthrow of Al Bashir, in April 2019, was again transformed into a regular military force. It is currently led by ‘Hemedti’, who after the 2021 coup d’état is the vice president of the Sovereign Council and number two in the army.

On the other hand, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan is the head of the army and the leader of the council that governs Sudan since 2019. He shared that council with his current rival Hemedti and they staged a coup together, but disagreements between them about how to relinquish power and the integration of the FAR into the army caused chaos in the transition.

Sudanese history changed when Omar al Bashir staged a coup in 1989 and established a a dictatorship with an Islamist ideology. During his leadership, the new military government banned political parties and the military concentrated power.

In 2018, the regime of Omar al-Bashir adopted an austerity plan, the transfer of import sectors to the private sector. This caused the price of bread and gasoline to rise, which led the population to mobilize against this policy. Attempts at repression by the police force clashed with the army, which was with the protesters.

In April 2019, the army succeeded in ousting Al-Bashir. The military promised to hand over power in two years, and in August 2019 they reached a compromise with civilians in the Sovereign Council, which would direct the country to elections at the end of 2023.

However, tensions between the military and civilians were on the rise until In October 2021, the military staged a coup and dissolved the transitional government.

In January 2022thousands of Sudanese took to the streets protesting demanding that the military that carried out the coup hand over power to civilians.

The Negotiations between the military and civilians for the second transition have broken down due to the tension between the military and the FAR.

The differences between the Sudanese army and the FAR date back to 2019. Then the FAR was accused of being responsible for the repression that ended the lives of hundreds of protesters.

The opposition platform of the Force for Freedom and Change then called for its dissolution and reminded about it this group committed crimes against humanity in Darfur.

Then the FAR leader, Hemedti, confirmed that the expulsion of that headquarters “was a trap and the target was the FAR.” According to him, officers of various ranks were victimsalthough he did not formally accuse the army.

The The sum of these situations makes it difficult for the FAR to integrate effectively into the Sudanese National Army.despite the attempts and commitments announced by both Al Burhan and Hemedti.

According to the agreement between the army and civilians on the unification of the army, Sudan’s armed forces will be subordinated only to “civilian authorities” in order to avoid its politicization.