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According to ETH experts, a climate-neutral energy supply in Switzerland is technically possible and affordable. However, efficient electricity trade with neighboring countries and rapid expansion of renewable energy sources are prerequisites. This is the conclusion in a new report by the expert group on security of supply at the Center for Energy Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) in Zurich.
For the so-called whitepaper, the researchers analyzed several stand-alone energy system models of the ETH Domain used to create four energy scenarios for a net zero future by 2050. These scenarios differ in the underlying assumptions about whether electricity trade with neighboring countries is restricted and whether the remaining CO2 emissions can be offset abroad.
Electricity demand is rising
Simulations of all four scenarios showed that with the electrification of the transportation and heating system, the total energy requirement will decrease, but the electricity requirement will increase from the current 60 terawatt hours (TWh) to at least 80 to 100 TWh.
However, according to the expert group, this increasing electricity demand can be met by the rapid expansion of renewable energy sources and the long-term integration of Switzerland into the European electricity market.
Specifically, according to the analysis, technologies such as seasonal energy storage and mountain photovoltaics or wind power will need to be stepped up to reduce the need for electricity imports during the winter months.
The white paper talks about nuclear energy as another option. As long as existing power plants operate, they can support the conversion to a fossil-free energy system. However, new reactors are unlikely to be installed before 2050 due to the lack of a political framework and the difficulty of calculating construction costs and times.
Additional costs between 380 and 600 francs per year
In the report, experts calculate additional costs between CHF 380 and CHF 600 per person per year based on previous relevant studies. This is based on the premise that a high degree of security of supply and functioning energy trade with neighboring countries can be achieved. Depending on the assumptions made in the studies, the Swiss energy transition could also save money, according to the report.
In a statement from ETH Zurich, experts say that regardless of what the future energy system will look like, major investments in the energy system will be required over the next few decades. In addition, a fossil-free energy system provides other benefits, such as improved air, water or soil quality. (SDA)
Source : Blick
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