Kuno Lauener’s chronic disease: What you need to know about multiple sclerosis

The causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) are not clear. It is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system’s defense cells mistakenly destroy the body’s own tissue. “This false reaction is often triggered by a viral disease,” says Jürg Beer. For example, by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, this virus is not the only reason. “90 percent of the population will be infected with EBV during their lifetime. “Only a fraction of them will develop MS,” says Beer. Individuals’ genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as exercise and diet are also important.

MS is a nervous system disease. “Because nerves cover our entire body, MS can manifest in a variety of ways throughout the body,” says Beer. “No two MSs are the same.” Common symptoms include paralysis in the hands, arms, feet, or legs. Others suddenly affected have vision or speech problems, general pain, fatigue, dizziness, or difficulty walking. And: “Depending on which areas of the brain are affected, MS can also lead to cognitive impairment,” says Beer. Due to the complexity of symptoms, it often takes some time to make a diagnosis.

Beer says it’s important to detect MS early so that treatment can be as effective as possible. “This is possible thanks to modern diagnostic options.” Although there is no MS test, MS can be detected reliably using MRI, cerebrospinal fluid, and neurological examinations. Bira: “Going to the doctor early helps get the disease under control more quickly.”

MS treatments primarily aim to stop or at least slow the progression of the disease and relieve symptoms. “People affected by MS can live fulfilling lives despite their disease.” According to Beer, in addition to specific therapies, a balanced diet and adequate exercise, social integration and contacts are also important. Qualified support and professional advice can provide further important support.

Medicine can slow the progression of the disease but cannot cure it. MS research is therefore pursuing other healing approaches. For example, about reverse vaccinations. Such reverse vaccines specifically suppress the immune system rather than strengthening it. Research on this topic is currently in its early stages, but could lead to vaccines against MS in the future, Beer says. “This way the body’s cells don’t attack your own body.” But there’s one limitation: “It doesn’t work against existing MS diseases.”

More information about MS can be found on the website of the University Hospital Zurich and the website of the Swiss MS Society.